In their study of the Pentecostal Movement and the Black Power Movement Gerlach and Hine (People, Power, Change: Movements of Social Transformation) argue that the following five factors are common to movements:
Movements of Social Transformation possess:
1. a segmented, cellular organization, held together by personal, structural and ideological ties
2. face to face recruitment by committed individuals using pre-existing, significant social relationships
3. a commitment at the personal level that results in a identity-altering experience (i.e. conversion) which in turn results in a reorientation of life and lifestyle
4. an ideology of articulated values and goals which provide a basis for overall unity as well as segmentary diversity. This ideology gives the movement an overall conceptual framework
5. a perception of opposition from the established order within which the movement is spreading
So, to participate and/or lead in movt processes, movement builders must:
1. encouraged personal commitments by individuals to bring about change in their particular spheres of influence
2. encourage individuals to enthusiastically persuade friends, relatives, neighbors, co-workers to join in a small scale effort at change
3. ensure a clear articulation of beliefs and ideals
4. build flexible, non-bureaucratic cell-group organizations which can be created, altered and dissolved at the desire of the participants
5. expect and be willing to face opposition.